This article includes a study of the composite capitals on the Hadrian’s Gates at three locations: Gerasa, Antalya, and Ephesus. Hadrian’s Gates were selected as a case study because it is one of the most important Buildings with composites capitals.  A typological study of composite capitals shows two types, the first, composite capitals (Ionic capital with flutes and acanthus leaves), The second, composite capitals (Ionic capital with Palme and acanthus leaves), Those types were used on Hadrian’s Gates during the Roman Period. The study includes description and comparative study of the composite capitals found in Hadrian’s Gates and other Roman Locations

Archaeological discoveries in Nabataean major places such as Petra and Hegra (Madain Saleh) reflect a clear exogenous  influence. This study will therefore try to study the possible Lycian influence upon the Nabataean cultural achievements especially in terms of  the content of the tomb inscriptions and the design of the tombs.

Diagnostic studies performed on an ancient coin are presented in order to find if the coin is authentic or is a coinage proof. Our investigation includes Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Cathodoluminescence (CL). 
The coin is a Drachma representing on the obverse the portrait of Poseidon and, on the reverse the figure of Anfitrite riding a seahorse while Eros is shooting an arrow. The coin is well known in the numismatic studies and originals can also be found in Catanzaro, Naples or Milan museums. 
The EDX analysis, executed on narrow points of the surface, revealed Pb and Cu as main components of the coin on both side: 51% of Pb and 35% of Cu their weight.
Surprisingly on both sides we found traces of gold. The maximum dimensions and the percentage in weight of the small revealed gold spots were respectively on the order of 20 µm and 95%.

A ~2200 year-old question related to Hannibal’s invasion route across the Alps into Italia, has been argued by classicists without recovery of material evidence. A comparison of topographical descriptions in the ancient literature with environmental parameters in the Alps, attempted here for the first time, provides a database against which various pathways can be assessed. Identification of sites using geological, geomorphological, astronomical, chemical and petrological methods leads to the exclusion of certain transit points and targeting of others where geoarchaeological excavation might yield important evidence related to the military culture of ancient Carthage. 

A total lunar eclipse occurred during the night preceding the decisive Battle of Gaugamela (20th September 331 BCE), when the Macedonian army, led by Alexander the Great, finally defeated the Persian king Darius and his army. This astronomical event, well known to historians, had a relevant role on the battle outcome. The eclipse was described in detail by Babylonian astronomers, though, unfortunately, the text of their report has only partially been preserved. We have reconstructed the evolution of the phenomenon as it appeared to the observer in Babylonia, by using the positional astronomy code “Planetario V2.0”. On the base of this reconstruction we suggest a number of integrations to the lost part of the text, allowing a finer astrological interpretation of the eclipse and of its influence on the mood of the armies that set against each other on the following morning